There are old and new bar examinations in Japan.
For details, the following website explains:
Japan's push to add lawyers fraught with troubles
"Passing the bar exam entitles the successful applicants to enter the Japanese Supreme Court's Legal Research and Training Institute (LRTI). Completion of a training course at this government-run institution is a requirement for qualifying to practice law in Japan. ...The old system produced attorneys who were scarily intelligent, very good at taking standardized tests or both. ..."
"Students must also pass the bar, and then work as legal apprentices at the Supreme Court's Legal Research and Training Institute, the nation's training center. Previously, apprentices received grants of about 3 million yen annually to attend the institute. The state-paid salaries played an important role for opening legal careers to lower-income students."
However, these English-language articles didn't point out the fact:
it came to light in 2001 that the promising legal trainees had conventionally drived a deadhead train with pro train drivers as one of the programs in the legal training center for a long time.
Any accident like the 2005 train crash might have occurred. But no then legal trainees, even those who have subsequently become veteran members of the Bar, had never disclosed the truth for a long time.
Any leading judges, public prosecutors, and attorneys/barristers accepted/experienced the dangerous adventure as legal trainees in the past as if nothing had happened.
It is shocking. Why haven't there been any member of the bar like Mr. Kushioka in the transportation world? He had been forced to pull up the weeds during the working hours as a retaliation from the company until the retirement age.
And as you visit in an exam site, there is no total "nonsmoking" campus. Therefore, like the previously cited steel company and
the Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry, you will see lots of
intoxicated examinees with their frowning faces,
coughing out phlegm, reading prep books or leaning against or facing the walls around the entrance of all the buildings there.
It is an inferno. I doubt if they could judge properly in court while resisting their strong urge to smoke, even if they pass the exam.
Although the Justice Ministry didn't make any comment on it,
the proctors or those who supervise the test takers are thought to be university officials at the site.
I made sure that they had represented some tit-for-tat response to the examinee making a complaint about its sad state of affairs as an anonymous caller beforhand. The university have been infamous for ....